Inyigisho yuzuye ku bijanye no gucungera ibidengeri vyo kwogeramwo: Impanuro z'abahinga kuva ku buzima bw'amazi gushika ku bikoresho
Kugira ikidengeri co kwogeramwo c’umuntu ku giti ciwe ni isoko rihambaye ry’ugukonja mu ci n’umunezero wo mu muryango. Ariko rero, kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kwinovora ivyiza n’umutekano wo muri ico kidengeri igihe kirekire, birakenewe ko avyitaho mu buryo bubereye. Benshi mu bafise ibidengeri bararengagiza ivyo kwitaho ku musi ku musi, ivyo bikaba bituma gusa amazi agenda nabi be n’ibikoresho bigenda nabi, ariko kandi birashobora kwongera amahera yo kwitaho, mbere bikagira n’ingorane ku buzima bw’umuryango. Iki kiganiro kizodondora intambwe nyamukuru n’ubuhinga ngirakamaro bwo gucungera ibidengeri vyo kwogeramwo, kivuga ibintu nyamukuru birimwo nk’ugucungera uburyo amazi ameze, gucungera ibikoresho, no gucungera ibihe, bigufashe gutorera umuti mu buryo bworoshe ingorane zo gucungera ibidengeri.
I. Gucungera uburyo amazi ameze: Gutuma amazi yo mu kidengeri amera neza kandi ataco akora
Ubwiza bw’amazi ni co kintu nyamukuru co gutunganya ibidengeri. Amazi asobanutse kandi aboneka neza kandi ahuye n’ingingo ngenderwako z’umutekano arashobora neza kwirinda gushavura kw’urukoba, ukudatera amaso neza n’ibindi bibazo. Ivyiyumviro nyamukuru vyo gucungera ubuzima vyibanda ku kugenzura ibintu bitatu vy’ingenzi: agaciro ka pH, ibirimwo chlorine n’ububabare.
Ica mbere, ni uguhindura agaciro ka pH. Agaciro keza k'amazi y'ibidengeri gakwiye kuguma hagati ya 7,2 na 7,8. Iyo pH iri hasi cane (aside cane), izotuma ibikoresho vyo mu mazi bitera ububabare kandi ibabaze urukoba n’amaso; iyo pH iri hejuru cane (alkaline cane), biroroshe kuvyara umugera no kugabanya ingaruka z’imiti yo gukuramwo imigera. Ni vyiza gupima agaciro ka pH nibura kabiri mu ndwi, hakoreshejwe ibipande vyo gupima pH canke ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none. Iyo agaciro ka pH kari hasi, umuntu arashobora kwongerako bikarbonate (bicarbonate de sodium) kugira ngo ahindure; iyo ari nyinshi, hakenewe kwongerwako aside y’amazi canke ikintu kidasanzwe co kugabanya pH.
Ubwa kabiri, ni ugukoresha neza imiti yo gukuramwo imigera. Chlorine ni yo ikoreshwa cane mu gukuramwo imigera mu mazi, ishobora kwica neza imigera itera ingorane nk’imigera n’imigera iri mu mazi. Ivyiza birimwo klorine y’ubuntu ni 1,0-3,0 ppm (ibice ku miliyoni). Igihe wongeyeko klorine, ukurikize ingingo ngenderwako y'uko "wongerako incuro nkeyi" kugira ngo wirinde umunuko mwinshi wa klorine uterwa no kwongerako incuro imwe. Ikindi, ibintu bigabanya ububabare bwa klorine birashobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo bigabanye ukubora kwa klorine bitewe n’umuco w’izuba no kwagura ubushobozi bwo gutera imigera. Zirikana ko umaze kwongerako imiti yo gukuramwo imigera, ushireko ubuhinga bwo gutera imigera kugira ngo ivyuka bibe bingana kugira ngo ntihagire imigera myinshi yo mu karere.
Ku ngorane z’uguhinduka kw’amazi, birakenewe ko amazi aguma atera ibisigazwa n’ugunyonka. Iyo habonetse uburyo bw’amazi buteye akaga gatoyi, hashobora kwongerwako ibintu bitera amazi (nk’ivyuma bita alum) kugira ngo ubuhumane buri mu mazi bushire hasi maze bushire hasi, hanyuma hakoreshwe igikoresho co kunyonga kugira ngo bakuremwo ivyo bikoko. Muri ico gihe nyene, ukore uburovyi bw’amaboko n’imiburiburi rimwe mu ndwi kugira ngo ukureho ibintu bireremba, amababi yaguye n’ibindi bikoko biri ku mazi kugira ngo ntibihumanye uburyo bw’amazi.
II. Gucungera ibikoresho vyo mu mazi: Ubuhinga nyamukuru bwo kwagura ubuzima bw'ibikorwa
Ibikoresho vyo mu mazi ni vyo bishingirako ibikorwa bisanzwe, harimwo n’ibiyunguruzo, amapompo y’amazi, ibikoresho vyo gusukura, n’ibindi Gukora akazi keza mu gucungera ibikoresho birashobora kugabanya cane ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka.
Igikorwa nyamukuru c’ico kiyunguruzo ni ugufata ubuhumane buri mu mazi. Hari ubwoko butatu busanzwe: akayunguruzo k’umusenyi, akayunguruzo k’ikarito n’akayunguruzo k’isi y’ibitoke. Ni vyiza gusukura akayunguruzo rimwe mu kwezi: akayunguruzo k’umusenyi gashobora gusukura ubuhumane biciye mu gusukura inyuma; iyo ncunguru y’ikarito ikeneye gusenyurwa no gusukurwa n’amazi meza, kandi iyo bikenewe, hashobora gukoreshwa ibintu bidasanzwe vyo gusukura; igicuncuro c’ivu ry’ivyatsi vy’ivyatsi gikeneye gusubirizwa ubudasiba igipfukisho c’isi y’ivyatsi vy’ivyatsi. Ikindi, ujye urasuzuma ubudasiba ukuntu akayunguruzo kapfutse kugira ngo amazi ntasohoke ngo agire ico akoze ku ngaruka y’akayunguruzo.
Ipompa y'amazi ni "umutima" w'uburyo bwo gutembera mu kidengeri, ishinzwe guteza imbere ugutembera kw'amazi. Imisi yose urabe uko pompe y’amazi ikora. Iyo hari urusaku rudasanzwe, ukunyiganyiga canke ukugabanya uruja n’uruza, bishobora kuba ari uko umuvuduko w’amazi wazibiye canke moteri ifise amakosa, ivyo bikaba bikeneye gusenyurwa, gusukurwa canke gusanurwa mu gihe. Muri ico gihe nyene, urabe ko ata bikoko bizibira aho amazi yinjira mu pompe y’amazi kugira ngo ntuhagarare ataco ukora kandi ngo wononekare moteri. Ni vyiza gukora igikorwa co gusanasana neza ipompo y’amazi rimwe mu mwaka, ugasubiriza amavuta yo gutera amavuta n’ibikingira.
Ibikoresho vyo gusukura nk’amaboroshe yo mu mazi, ibikoresho vyo gusukura amazi, n’insenga na vyo nyene birakeneye gutunganirizwa buri musi. Bisukure neza umaze kubikoresha kugira ngo ntihagire ubukonje busigaye n’ubuhumane buvyara imigera; ubibike ahantu humye kandi hari umwuka kugira ngo ibikoresho ntibishaje canke ngo vyononekare.
III. Gutunganya ibihe: Igikorwa nyamukuru mu bihe bitandukanye
Gucungera ibidengeri birakeneye guhindura ivyo umuntu ashira imbere bivanye n’ihinduka ry’ibihe kugira ngo ntihagire ingorane z’amazi canke ibikoresho ziterwa n’ihinduka ry’ibidukikije.
Ici ni co gihe c’isonga co gukoresha ibidengeri. Ubushuhe bwinshi n’umuco ukomeye birashobora kwonona uburyo bw’amazi bitagoranye. Ni ngombwa kwongera incuro zo gupima uburyo amazi ameze (rimwe ku musi) no kwongera mu buryo bukwiye ingano y’imiti yo gukuramwo imigera. Muri ico gihe nyene, kubera gukoreshwa kenshi, gukomeza isuzuma ry’ibikoresho kugira ngo bimenyekane ko uburyo bwo gutembera bukora neza. Ikindi, nusukure ku gihe ivyutsi, amavuta n’ibindi biva mu kidengeri, kandi ushiremwo ubudasiba imiti yica ibimera kugira ngo ibimera ntibikure.
Mu rushana, ubushuhe buraba buke, kandi ibidengeri vyinshi ntibikora, rero birakenewe ko umuntu akora ivy'ugukingira -ubukonje. Ubwa mbere, n’ushire amazi mu kidengeri canke ugabanye urugero rw’amazi kugira ngo ntihagire ubukonje n’ukwaguka kwonona umubiri w’ikidengeri; ica kabiri, gusenyura ibikoresho nk’amapompo y’amazi n’ibiyunguruzo, gusukura ubukonje bwo mu mutima no kubibika ahantu humye mu nzu; uhereyeko, ufunge ico kidengeri n’igitambaro kidashobora guterwa n’amazi kugira ngo amababi n’ibisigazwa vyaguye ntibigwemwo. Nimba ubushuhe bwo mu rushana mu karere iwanyu butari hasi cane, urashobora kandi kuguma ukoresha amazi make kandi ukongerako umuti ukwiye wo gukingira ubukonje.
IV. Amakosa asanzwe yo kwitaho n'ubuyobozi bwo kwirinda umutego
Benshi mu bafise ibidengeri barafise ukutumvikana mu bijanye n’ugucungera, ivyo bikaba ahubwo bituma ingorane irushiriza kuba mbi. Nk’akarorero, gukoresha cane imiti yo gukuramwo imigera ntibizotuma umuntu agira akamoto gakomeye gusa, ariko kandi bizokwonona urukoba n’ibikoresho vyo mu mazi; kwirengagiza igihe c’ibikorwa vy’umurongo w’amazi, ukora amasaha atarenga 8 ku musi, bizotuma amazi adasukurwa neza; kwibanda gusa ku gutomoka kw’amazi no kwirengagiza kumenya agaciro ka pH n’ibirimwo klorine bishobora gutera ingorane ku mutekano.
Inyigisho yo kwirinda umutego: Wongereko imiti ata gufyina ukurikije ingingo mfatirwako kugira ngo wirinde kwongerako ataco ubona; gutuma uburyo bwo gutembera bukora amasaha 8-12 ku musi, cane cane mu bihe vy’ubushuhe bwinshi; gukora ubudasiba igerageza ryuzuye ry’ibipimo vy’uburyo bw’amazi aho guca urubanza n’ijisho gusa; guhitamwo imiti yo gusanasana n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa n’abahinguzi badasiba kugira ngo wirinde gukoresha ibintu vy’agaciro gatoyi.
Incamake: Gutunganya ibidengeri vyo kwogeramwo si igikorwa kigoye. Igihe cose uzoba uzi neza ubuhinga nyamukuru bwo gucunga neza amazi, gucungera ibikoresho no kuyacungera bivanye n’ibihe, kandi ukagira akamenyero ko kuyabungabunga ubudasiba, urashobora kuguma ufise ikidengeri gitomoye kandi gifise umutekano bitagoranye. Ni vyizigiro ko ubuyobozi buri muri iki kiganiro bushobora kugufasha gutorera umuti ingorane zisanzwe mu bijanye no kwitwararika ibidengeri, bikagufasha wewe n’umuryango wawe kwinovora umunezero uzana n’ikidengeri igihe kirekire.
